6502 Turns 50! The BEST 6502 Computer of 2025 is here!
Here are the key points from the YouTube video transcript:
About the 65uino Revision 1:
- Improved from the first version: The original 65uino required low-level assembly programming. Revision 1 is more powerful and user-friendly, though still fundamentally a 6502-based system from the 1970s/80s.
- Hardware Upgrades:
- USB-C: Replaced MicroUSB for improved connectivity and future-proofing. Now also serves as the USB-to-serial port via a CH340G chip, eliminating the need for a separate UART dongle. Can even function as a standalone serial adapter. Automatic reset via DTR line.
- Overclocking/Underclocking: Uses an 8MHz oscillator (cheaper and more readily available than the original 1MHz) allowing for clock speeds up to 2MHz (though the 6532 RIOT chip may require an external IC at higher speeds).
- External IC Support: Provides significantly improved access to the data bus and control signals, making it easier to connect additional RAM, ROM, and other peripherals.
- Software Upgrades:
- Main Menu System: Replaced the simple welcome screen with a menu system offering various functionalities (including a game, Flappy Larus). Navigation is via a button (single press to cycle, long press to select).
- In-System Memory Modification: A monitor program allows direct modification of memory bytes, facilitating easy adjustments without needing a computer. Future improvements include nibble-at-a-time editing.
- I2C Scanner (planned): Functionality to scan for I2C devices is planned.
- ROM limitations and potential solutions: The current 4KB ROM is filling up. Future revisions may include ROM banking via jumpers to accommodate larger ROMs.
- “Airplane Mode”: A feature to put the 65uino into a low-power, inactive state using a JAM instruction.
Educational Value:
- The 65uino is presented as a valuable tool for learning 6502 assembly, understanding classic computer architecture, and gaining foundational skills in embedded systems. The limitations of the 6502 are highlighted as a positive aspect, forcing users to grasp core concepts.
- It’s suitable for various skill levels: beginners can learn the basics, while experienced retro-computing enthusiasts can test 6502-based hardware without risking valuable vintage equipment.
Sponsorship:
The project is sponsored by JLCPCB, which offers PCB manufacturing and assembly services.
Overall: The video showcases a significant upgrade to the 65uino, enhancing its functionality and ease of use while retaining its core educational value. The creator emphasizes the project’s ongoing development and invites community contributions.